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Running Application Tests
This is the quick-start to CodeIgniter testing. Its intent is to describe what it takes to set up your application and get it ready to run unit tests. It is not intended to be a full description of the test features that you can use to test your application. Those details can be found in the documentation.
Resources
Requirements
It is recommended to use the latest version of PHPUnit. At the time of this writing, we are running version 9.x. Support for this has been built into the composer.json file that ships with CodeIgniter and can easily be installed via Composer if you don't already have it installed globally.
> composer install
If running under macOS or Linux, you can create a symbolic link to make running tests a touch nicer.
> ln -s ./vendor/bin/phpunit ./phpunit
You also need to install XDebug in order
for code coverage to be calculated successfully. After installing XDebug, you must add xdebug.mode=coverage in the php.ini file to enable code coverage.
Setting Up
A number of the tests use a running database.
In order to set up the database edit the details for the tests group in
app/Config/Database.php or .env.
Make sure that you provide a database engine that is currently running on your machine.
More details on a test database setup are in the
Testing Your Database section of the documentation.
Running the tests
The entire test suite can be run by simply typing one command-line command from the main directory.
> ./phpunit
If you are using Windows, use the following command.
> vendor\bin\phpunit
You can limit tests to those within a single test directory by specifying the directory name after phpunit.
> ./phpunit app/Models
Generating Code Coverage
To generate coverage information, including HTML reports you can view in your browser, you can use the following command:
> ./phpunit --colors --coverage-text=tests/coverage.txt --coverage-html=tests/coverage/ -d memory_limit=1024m
This runs all of the tests again collecting information about how many lines, functions, and files are tested. It also reports the percentage of the code that is covered by tests. It is collected in two formats: a simple text file that provides an overview as well as a comprehensive collection of HTML files that show the status of every line of code in the project.
The text file can be found at tests/coverage.txt. The HTML files can be viewed by opening tests/coverage/index.html in your favorite browser.
PHPUnit XML Configuration
The repository has a phpunit.xml.dist file in the project root that's used for
PHPUnit configuration. This is used to provide a default configuration if you
do not have your own configuration file in the project root.
The normal practice would be to copy phpunit.xml.dist to phpunit.xml
(which is git ignored), and to tailor it as you see fit.
For instance, you might wish to exclude database tests, or automatically generate
HTML code coverage reports.
Test Cases
Every test needs a test case, or class that your tests extend. CodeIgniter 4 provides one class that you may use directly:
CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase
Most of the time you will want to write your own test cases that extend CIUnitTestCase
to hold functions and services common to your test suites.
Creating Tests
All tests go in the tests/ directory. Each test file is a class that extends a
Test Case (see above) and contains methods for the individual tests. These method
names must start with the word "test" and should have descriptive names for precisely what
they are testing:
testUserCanModifyFile() testOutputColorMatchesInput() testIsLoggedInFailsWithInvalidUser()
Writing tests is an art, and there are many resources available to help learn how. Review the links above and always pay attention to your code coverage.
Database Tests
Tests can include migrating, seeding, and testing against a mock or live database.
Be sure to modify the test case (or create your own) to point to your seed and migrations
and include any additional steps to be run before tests in the setUp() method.
See Testing Your Database
for details.